THE
FREE SHS AND DOUBLE TRACK SYSTEM IN GHANA: A RUSHING AFTERTHOUGHT?
RICHARD OBENG MENSAH*
“All persons shall have the right to equal
educational opportunities and facilities
and with a view to achieving the full realization of that
right— (a) basic education
shall be free, compulsory and available to all;
(b) secondary education in its different
forms, including technical and vocational education, shall be made generally available
and accessible to all by every appropriate means,
and in particular, by the progressive introduction of free education; (c) higher
education shall be made equally accessible to
all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate
means, and in particular, by progressive introduction of free education; (d)
functional literacy shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible; (e) the development of a system
of schools with adequate facilities at all levels shall be actively pursued.”
- Article 25 (1), 1992 Constitution, Ghana (Emphasis is mine).
Articles 25 and 38 of the 1992
Constitution of Ghana (with amendments through 1996) guarantee right to equal
educational opportunities and facilities to all persons in Ghana. A closer
study of the relevant provisions of the Constitution, especially articles 25, 34(2)
and 38, reveals that the drafters of the Constitution tacitly acknowledged that
provision of adequate educational facilities is central to enjoyment of a
person’s educational rights and implementation of progressive introduction of
free education at either the secondary (in its different forms) or higher
levels of education or both. Articles 25(1)(e), 34(2) and 38(1) of the 1992 Constitution,
for example, enjoin the Government to among other things actively pursue development
of adequate facilities at all levels of education to enhance introduction of any
free education policy. Although article 38(2) of the
Constitution, oblige the Government to, “within
two years after Parliament first meets after the coming into force of this
Constitution, draw up a programme for implementation within the following ten
years, for the provision of free, compulsory and universal basic education”
same is yet to be realized in its proper form.
It is a sad
commentary that although the 1992 is currently about 25 years old, Ghana is yet
to boast of easy access to free and quality education at all levels of
education by its citizenry despite enviable natural and human resources at her
disposal. The despicable state of affairs is due to failure of successive
Governments to prioritize pursuance of development of adequate educational
facilities to enhance implementation of progressive introduction of free
education at the secondary and higher levels of education. Besides, parochial
partisan activism by ruling political parties in Ghana since 1992 has clouded
the vision of the various successive Governments to give the needed attention
to formulation and implementation of holistic national education policies devoid
of scoring cheap political points. Instead of treating education as a national issue
with national interests at the centre of implementation of holistic, sustainable
and prudent educational policies; successive Governments have resorted to
adopting piecemeal approach to addressing challenges militating against the realization
of easy access to free and quality education at the secondary and tertiary levels
of education in Ghana. From abandoned educational projects to change in
duration of secondary education or change in name of secondary education,
successive Governments continue to tackle challenges in the education sector
with single political eye in the name of fulfilling their political promises.
For instance, while the erstwhile NDC administration introduced and implemented
free education policy for senior high school day students and sought to
construct more educational facilities to enhance secondary education; the present
NPP administration has since the 2017/2018 academic year been implementing free
education policy for all new entrants at all public Senior High Schools (SHSs).
The present
regime also seeks to implement a Double Track Policy in the 2018/2019 academic
year to primarily deal with overcrowding at the various public senior high
school campuses due to the introduction of the free secondary education policy.
Under the proposed Double Track System, beneficiaries of the free secondary
education policy will be in school under different track systems at different
times except in few occasions where both tracks will run concurrently. The Double
Track System has been designed to have a 7-year life span to enable the
Government deal with infrastructural challenges within the period. The current
NPP administration has vowed to implement the proposed Double Track System
despite various concerns raised by different stakeholders. The concerns raised
include the need for wider consultation to ensure a well-thought-out and
sustainable policy, consideration of other policy alternatives and modification
of the free senior high school policy. The Government seems to demonize and
ignore any concern that does not conform to the proposed Double Track System in
its present form and has mounted an impregnable defence against all diverging
views, whether or not those views are legitimate and worth considering.
There is no
gainsaying the fact that any holistic and well-thought-out free education
policy will be a great asset to Ghana. Beyond improving the quality of her human
resources; Ghana stands to eventually escape the occurrence of the Resource Curse Theory (which posits
that resource-rich nations ultimately turn out to be poorer) in the country through
a holistic and sustainable free education policy. However, the posture of the
present regime in relation to the implementation of its flagship free secondary
education policy is quite worrying and may erode possible gains Ghana stands to
get from the policy if it is treated or implemented as a political project. The
proposed Double Track System indubitably cannot be a one-stop solution to the overcrowding
challenge bedevilling the free secondary education policy. Even if the
Government considers it to be the best way to go; its implementation should not
be rushed! Rather the Government should be opened to divergent views to garner sustainability
of the free secondary education policy. It needs to be emphasised that introduction
of free education in Ghana is a national aspiration. It is not a brainchild of
any political party.
*The writer is a certified life and
leadership coach, a legal academic, and a prolific author of 7 books and over
200 articles. Blog:
www.richard-obeng-mensah.blogspot.com Email:
richardobengmensah@gmail.com
